Map of the European States
The map shows the European continent with European Union member states, new member states of the European Union since 2004, 2007, and 2013, member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTA), and the location of country capitals and major European cities.
Member States of the European Union:
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There are by now (2021)
28 27 member states in the European Union.
Members of the EU are (with national name in parentheses)
Austria (Österreich),
Belgium (België (Dutch), Belgique (French), Belgien (German)),
Denmark (Danmark),
Finland (Suomi),
France,
Germany (Deutschland),
Greece (
Ελλάδα),
Ireland (Éire),
Italy (Italia),
Luxembourg (Luxembourg (French) Luxemburg (German) Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish)),
Netherlands (Nederland),
Portugal,
Spain (España),
Sweden (Sverige).
The
United Kingdom left the European Union at the end of 31 January 2020 CET (11 p.m. GMT. For some time the UK was on extended leave; on 29 March 2017 the UK formally notified the European Council of its intention to leave the EU by triggering of Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. Until January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom remained a full member of the EU and the rights and obligations of the United Kingdom applied in full until then.)
[1]
New Member States of the European Union:
Czech Republic (Česká republika),
Estonia (Eesti),
Hungary (Magyarország),
Latvia (Latvija),
Lithuania (Lietuva),
Malta,
Poland (Polska),
Slovakia (Slovensko),
Slovenia (Slovenija), and a divided
Cyprus became union members in May 2004. (Despite joining the EU as a de facto divided island, the whole of Cyprus is EU territory.)
[2]
Bulgaria (България) and
Romania (România) became union members in January 2007.
Croatia (Hrvatska) became the 28th member of the European Union in 2013.
EU candidate countries:
Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey are candidate countries.
Albania applied for European Union membership in 2009; it received the candidate status in June 2014.
The
Republic of North Macedonia was declared a candidate country in December 2005.
Montenegro applied for EU membership in December 2008. The candidate status was granted on 17 December 2010.
Serbia officially applied for European Union membership in 2009; the European Commission recommended to make it an official candidate in October 2011.
Turkey was declared a candidate country in December 1999.
Other European countries:
Iceland
Even though Iceland is already heavily integrated into the EU market, the island nation applied to join the EU in 2009. In 2013 Iceland's government paused negotiations with the European Union due to disagreements in matters of fishing fees and tax cuts.
Monaco
Relations between Monaco and the European Union (EU) are primarily conducted through France.
Norway
Norway is not a member state of the European Union but is closely associated with the Union through its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA). The EEA comprises the member states of the European Union, except Croatia, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.
Kosovo, the former autonomous province of Serbia, unilaterally declared independence in February 2008.
More about Europe
Geography of Europe
Portugal, Cabo da Roca - the westernmost point of continental Europe and the Eurasian mainland.
Photo: Mohammed Moussa
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent after
Australia. Mainland Europe is geographically a great big peninsula, the western part of the Eurasian supercontinent.
The European continent, despite it has no clear geographical or geological boundary in east, is by convention 'separated' from Asia by the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caucasus Mountains, in southeast by the
Caspian Sea and the Black Sea (see
Map of Asia, with the soft border between the continents).
In the south, the
Mediterranean Sea separates Europe from the
African continent. Europe's western borders are defined by the Atlantic Ocean and on the north by the Polar Sea.
Extreme points of Europe
The northernmost point of mainland Europe is on the northern tip of the Cape Nordkinn peninsula in
Norway. The southernmost point is Punta de Tarifa on the Atlantic end of the Straits of Gibraltar in
Spain, and its westernmost point is at cape Cabo da Roca in
Portugal.
Europe is roughly divided into the geographic subregions of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, and Western Europe, as the United Nations region classification uses it. For a list of countries in these regions, see
Countries of Europe.
People in the United Kingdom, use the term 'Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles.
Europe's largest cities by population in 2020
The ten largest cities are
Istanbul (pop. 15 million; Turkey),
Moscow (pop. 12.6 million; Russia),
London (pop. 9.1 million; United Kingdom),
Saint Petersburg (pop. 5.4 million; Russia),
Berlin (pop. 3.75 million; Germany),
Madrid (pop. 3.2 million; Spain),
Kiev (pop. 2.9 million; Ukraine),
Rome (pop. 2.85 million; Italy),
Paris (pop. 2.14 million; France), and
Bucharest (pop. 2.1 million; Romania).
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use above map for educational purposes (fair use), please refer to the Nations Online Project.