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 Russian fighter jets at Victory Day military parade in Moscow. Image: Pavel Kazachkov |
___ Russia Location map of Russia Russia is bordered by 14 countries: Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, and Ukraine. Furthermore it shares maritime borders with Japan, Sweden, Turkey and the United States. With an area of 17,098,242 km² the country is somewhat larger than twice the size of the contiguous United States, it is the largest country in the world, covering more than 11% of Earth's land areas. But vast regions of the country were uninhabited or uninhabitable. Russia is a country with a very low population density (8.5 people/km², compared Germany 226 people/km², USA about 33 people/km²). But still, Russia has a population of 146 million people (in 2016). Moscow is the capital and core of political power and the center of culture, and trade, St. Petersburg is Russia's second largest city and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. |
Russian Federation | Rossiyskaya Federatsiya |
Country Profile |
 The double-headed eagle is the State Seal of the Russian Federation. The defeat of the Russian Empire in World War I led to the seizure of power by the communists and the formation of the USSR. The brutal rule of Josef STALIN (1924-53) strengthened Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into 15 independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the communist period. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) |
Official Name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya short form: Rossiya int'l long form: Russian Federation int'l short form: Russia former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ISO Country Code: ru Actual Time: Moscow, Saint-Petersburg: Thu-Apr-25 17:57 Local Time = UTC +3h Actual Time: Novosibirsk: Thu-Apr-25 20:57 Local Time = UTC +6h Daylight Saving Time (DST) March - October Country Calling Code: +7 Capital City: Moscow (pop. 8.3 million) Other Cities: St. Petersburg (4.6 million), Novosibirsk (1.4 million), Nizhniy Novgorod (1.3 million) Government: Federation. Independence: August 24, 1991. Geography: Location: Northern Asia (that part west of the Urals is included with Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean. Area: 17 million km² (6.5 million sq. mi.); about 1.8 times the size of the United States. Terrain: Broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains (Caucasus range) along southern borders. Climate: Northern continental, from subarctic to subtropical. People: Nationality: Russian(s). Population: (2016) 146 million. Ethnic groups: Russian 81%, Tatar 4%, Ukrainian 3%, other 12%. Religion: Russian Orthodox, Islam, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Protestant, Buddhist, other. Language: Russian (official); more than 140 other languages and dialects. Literacy: 98%. Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, timber, furs, precious and nonferrous metals. Agriculture products: Grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk. Industries: Complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts. Exports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures Exports partners: Netherlands 11.9%, China 8.3%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 6.5%, Turkey 5.6%, Belarus 4.4%, Japan 4.2% (2015) Imports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel Imports partners: China 19.2%, Germany 11.2%, USA 6.4%, Belarus 4.8%, Italy 4.6% (2015) Currency: Russian Ruble (RUR) |
 View of the Kremlin, with the Kremlin Wall and the Kremlin towers, the 'fortress inside a city', is located at the Moskva River in the center of Moscow. The term Kremlin is also often used to refer to the government of Russia. Image: Ed Parsons Political system Russia is a federal republic and in theory a multi-party representative democracy, wherein the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is also the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Russia's legislature is the bi-cameral Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament), which consists of the State Duma (lower house), and the Federation Council (upper house), headed by the Chairman of the Federation Council (speaker). Official Sites of RussiaNote: External links will open in a new browser window.Russian Government Russia's Home Page. President of Russia The official website of Russia's president, who is again Vladimir Putin. The bicameral Federal Assembly of Russia (Legislative) Council of Federation The upper chamber of the Russian parliament. State Duma The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is government institution in charge the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia. The website also provides information about Russian diplomatic missions abroad. Diplomatic Missions: Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the UN Russia is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. Embassy of the Russian Federation in the USA Washington D.C. Statistics Goskomstat State Comittee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS Official statistical information on social and economic situation in the CIS countries. Maps Map of RussiaPolitical Map of the Russian Federation. Map of European RussiaPolitical map of European Russia.  Google
Earth Russian FederationSearchable map and satellite view of Russian Federation. Google
Earth Map of MoscowSearchable map and satellite view of the capital, Moscow. Google
Earth Map of Moscow KremlinLabeled map/satellite view of the Moscow Kremlin. Maps of Russian Cities: Saint Petersburg Nizhniy Novgorod Kazan Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg Rostov-on-Don Volgograd Saransk Samara Kaliningrad SochiSearchable map and satellite view of Russia's Winter Olympic capital 2014. Other maps Russia - Autonomous Areas in Russia Chechenya (Chechen Republic) Map Ethnolinguistic Groups of the Caucasus Region Continent: Map of Central and Eastern Europe Political map of Central and Eastern Europe. Map
of the Baltic Sea AreaPolitical map of the Baltic Sea region. Map
of the Caspian SeaMap of the Caspian Sea with surrounding Countries. Map
of EuropePolitical Map of Europe. Map
of AsiaReference Map of Asia. |
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NewsLike in the US, TV is the main news source. Television is the most powerful sector of the Russian media industry. But unlike the US, the main national networks are either run directly by the state or owned by companies with close links to the Kremlin. Russia Today (RT), an international English-language news station is state-funded and aims to present "global news from a Russian perspective". However many observers have accused the pro-Kremlin TV (RT) of spreading disinformation and conducting an information war both at home and abroad.(Source: BBC and nationsonline.org) Russian Newspapers and News Agencies News Agencies Interfax Russian News Agency (in Russian). Interfax Information Services Group International website of Interfax. Tass Formerly Itar-Tass, Russian News Agency. Russian Newspapers (in Russian) Delovoy Peterburg Saint Petersburg based daily business newspaper. Izvestia Online portal of the broadsheet newspaper with national and international news (in Russian). Kommersant Daily newspaper. Moskovskiye Novosti News magazine. The Moscow Times News on Moscow, Russia and the world (in English). Pravda National and international news. Prime Business News Agency. Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti News magazine. Vladnews Vladivostok News on-line. TV NTV (Cyrillic: НТВ) Homepage of the critical independent TV-Station they try to took over (in Russian). RT (Russia Today) Russian propaganda TV and online magazine funded by the Russian government. |
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 Aerial view of Peter and Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island, Saint Petersburg. Image: Andrew Shiva Arts & CultureArts  TC
Art Galleryby Catherine Yakovina, St. Petersburg. Museums The
State Hermitage MuseumSt Petersburg - Presents the development of the world culture and art from the Stone Age to the 20th century. The Moscow Kremlin Official website of the Kremlin Museum - the oldest museum in Russia. Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts The Museum has one of the most representative collection in Russia of foreign art dated from ancient times to modern days. State Russian Museum The State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg is the world’s largest collection of Russian art. The State Tretyakov Gallery One of the largest museums in Russia with more than 100 000 works of art, the museum of the history of Russian art presents icons, paintings, graphics and sculpture,. Museums in Russia (official list) Detailed information about any Russian museum. The official list of russian museums, more than 3000 museums listed. Bulgakov Museum Moscow Russian writer, physician and playwright, author of The Master and Margarita and Heart of a Dog. Libraries National Library of Russia The country's oldest state library, St. Petersburg. Russian State Library The largest library in Europe and the second largest in the world, Moscow. EarthburgUnited Space Of Humanity - the condition of the website suggests that humanity is suffering. Institute of the Information Society - Russia IIS.RU an independent non-government organization for Information Society development in Russia. Native - Russians indigenous peoplesCulture Center of the Northern Asian First Peoples' ArtFor foreigner's & our first people's information, founded '96 in Ulan -Ude (Buryatia, Russia). Khanty-Mansiysk The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District is a member of the Russian Federation, named after the native peoples Khanty and Mansi. TuvaOnline Site related to the Republic of Tuva, the former Tannu Tuva, a country in south Siberia, and a member of the Russian Federation (in Russian), see also Friends of Tuva. |
 Cascades at Peterhof Palace, St Petersburg Image: Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov  Saint Basil's Cathedral or the Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed is the world famous church in the Red Square in Moscow. The Russian Orthodox Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. © UNESCO Author: Francesco Bandarin |
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Business & EconomyBank of Russia The Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Moscow Central Stock Exchange The largest exchange group in the Russian Federation. American-Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry The U.S.-Russia Chamber of Commerce (USRCC), a 501(c)(6) nonprofit organization headquartered Houston, Texas. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation Our goal is to promote the growth of the Russian economy, clear trade barriers and support investment initiatives. Russian National Trade Point Russia Foreign Trade Center is included in the World Trade Point Federation (WTPF). __Transportation Air Aeroflot The Russian flag carrier. East Line Group Group of companies for air transportation and airport management at Domodedovo International Airport. Siberia Airlines Russia and abroad services. Transaero Transaero Airlines serves domestic destinations and operates flights to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and North America. Transaero filed for bankruptcy on 1 October 2015. UTair UTair is one of the five largest air carriers of Russia and the largest Russian helicopter airline. Rail JSC "Russian Railways" Official website of Russian Railways, with information on passenger and freight transportation; Online services, Infrastructure, railway maps. Railway Ticket Reservation Center Railway adventure in Russia. Trans-Siberian Railway Railway guide with a photo-gallery of stations, views and bridges. |
 Belorussky railway station, Moscow Image: Uwe Brodrecht |
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 Valentin Hagdaev, the head shaman of Olkhon Island in Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia. Image: Arkady Zarubin Travel and Tour Consumer Information
Destination Russia - Travel and Tour GuidesDiscover Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Novosibirsk, Kamchatka, Lake Baikal, Sochi, Vladivostok, Trans-Siberian Railroad. Find accommodation, hotels, attractions, festivals, events, tourist boards, biking, skiing, hiking, climbing, cruising, diving, adventure tours and much more. Travel Russia Travel in Russia, very official information by The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation's Federal Agency for Tourism. Travel Guide to Russia Russian National Tourist Office in the UK. Russian National Group Russian National Tourist Office in the US. WayToRussia.NetComprehensive guide to Russia and a travel services directory. City Guides Moscow Moscow Moscow Mayor official website. Moscow Moscow Tourism web site. St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg Official portal to St. Petersburg, offering a wide variety of information about the city and its life. Visit Petersburg Official city tourist portal of St. Petersburg. Perm City of Perm Official web-site. Hotel Grand Hotel Europe Russia's oldest operating grand hotel, founded 1703. Caucasus Troubled borderland BBC News about the Caucasus region. |
 Catherine Palace Tsarskoe Selo, the summer residence of the Russian tsars. Image: Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov |
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 Lomonosov University is also known as Moscow State University. Image: Uwe Brodrecht Education & ResearchThe Moscow State University Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), a public research university founded in 1755. Russian Academy of Science Russias national academy currently includes more than 600 institutions and over 50,000 scientific researchers. Saint-Petersburg State University The oldest Russian university is a state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg. Samara State Aerospace University SSAU trains specialists for the rocket and space, aviation, electronic, metallurgical, and automotive industries. Samara State University A leading multi-faculty university in the city of Samara. Tyumen State University The first university n Tyumen Oblast consists today of 12 institutes and trains specialists in 175 fields. Russian Space Research Astronomical Istitute Astronomical Department of Saint Petersburg State University. Space Research Institute (IKI) Investigations of Outer Space. Google
Earth Baikonur CosmodromeSatellite view of the Russian Baikonur Cosmodrome space launch facility in Kazakhstan. |
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Environment & NatureEcodefense Anti-nuclear and safe energy movement. Greenpeace Russia Greenpeace organization of Russia. Socio-Ecological Union The Socio-Ecological Union is the only international ecological organization born in the USSR. |
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HistoryHistory of Russia An overview on Russians history by interKnowledge. H-Russia Russian and Soviet history - bibliographical, research and teaching aids Museum of History of Moscow. Russian History Websites The history of the Romanovs, Russian art and architecture. |
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SearchRambler Russian search engine and one of the largest Russian web portals. (in Russian). Russia On The Net Was one of the first Russian Net directories. The domain is now on sale for about 150.000 $US. Sources and additional Information on RussiaAmnesty International: Russia BBC Country Profile: Russia GlobalEDGE: Russia The Heritage Foundation: Russia Human Rights Watch: Russia OEC: Russia Reporters Without Borders: Russia Wikipedia: Russia The World Factbook -- Russia |
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