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___ Vatican City (Vatican City State) |
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A virtual guide to Vatican City, a landlocked sovereign city-state located within the city of Rome in Italy. The State of Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the world's smallest independent 'country' with a population of about 800 people and an area of 0.44 km² (0.17 sq mi). Vatican City State was founded on 11 February 1929 following the signing of the Lateran Pacts between the Holy See and Italy. Located within Vatican City is the Apostolic Palace, the residence of the Pope. Vatican City State is the territory of the Holy See (Sancta Sedes), the seat of the episcopal jurisdiction and the central government of the Catholic Church. Although the Vatican City is closely associated with the Holy See, it is distinct from the Holy See. The Holy See, not the Vatican City, maintains diplomatic relations with other sovereign states and foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See, and it is the Holy See that establishes treaties and concordats governing relations between the Papacy and other entities. |
State of the Vatican City | The Holy See |
Country Profile |
Background: The Vatican City State, sovereign and independent, are the remnants of the papal states that in 1859 comprised an area of some 17,000 sq mi (about 44,000 km²), this is about the size of Denmark. Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. On 19 April 2005 the German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was elected, his papal name still is Pope Benedict XVI, he resigned on 28 February 2013. His successor is Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the first Jesuit pope was elected on 13 March 2013. (Various Sources) |
Official Name: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ Stato della Città del Vaticano short form: Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano), Vaticanum int'l long form: State of the Vatican City int'l short form: Vatican City ISO Country Code: va Time: Time Zone: Central European Time (CET) Local Time = UTC +1h Actual Time: Mon-Mar-18 01:04 Daylight Saving Time (DST) March - October (UTC +2) Country Calling Code: +379 Capital City: Vatican City Other Cities: none Government: Type: Papacy; ecclesiastical governmental and administrative capital of the Roman Catholic Church. Chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013) Independence: Lateran Pacts confirming independence and sovereignty of The Holy See signed with Italy on 11 February 1929. Suffrage: Limited to Cardinals less than 80 years old. Constitution: new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000. Text of the new Fundamental Law Geography: Location: Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) Area: total of 0.44 sq. km. (109 acres) Climate: temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) People: Nationality: none Population: 800 (2011) Ethnic Groups: Italians, Swiss, other Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: Italian, Latin, French, various other languages. Literacy: 100% Natural resources: none Agriculture products: none Industries: Printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities. Currency: Euro (EUR) |
Political system Vatican City State is governed as an absolute theocratic elective monarchy. Chief of State is the Pope. The Pope (also the Bishop of Rome) is elected by the College of Cardinals during a papal conclave. The Servant of the Servants of God (the Pope) is usually elected for lifetime. Head of Government is the Cardinal Secretary of State, he is appointed by the Pope. Head of Government of Vatican City is the President of the Governorate of Vatican City State, he is appointed to a five-year term by the Pope. Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites of VaticanSanta Sede - VaticanOfficial site of the Holy See, information available in English, Italian, German, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. Stato della Città del Vaticano - Portale Istituzionale Vatican City State. The Holy Father - Franciscus Jorge Mario Bergoglio Secretariat of State The Secretariat of State of the Holy See. The Roman Curia Information on the Roman Curia with its institutions. General Overview on the Holy See and Vatican City State The page provides general information about the Holy See and Vatican City State. Congregazione per il Clero - Santa Sede Congregation for the Clergy with its institutions: The Office for the Clergy, The Catechetical Office, and The Third Office. Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations Official site of the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Diocese of Rome (Diocesi di Roma) Official website of the Diocese of Rome, a diocese of the Catholic Church in Rome, Italy. Its bishop is the Pope, successor to St. Peter and the "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church", the elected leader of the Catholic Church. The Diocese was stablished in the 1st century, its current bishop is since March 2013 Pope Francis. MapsMap of Vatican City StatePolitical map of Vatican City State. Google Earth Vatican City State Searchable map and satellite view of Vatican City State. Basilica of Saint Peter, Vatican City State Labeled satellite view and map of Saint Peter Basilica and Vatican City State. Political map of Italy Map of the Mediterranean Region Map of Europe Political Map of Europe. |
NewsHoly See Press Office Daily news and Documentation, daily bulletins. Agenzia Fides Pontifical Mission Society news service - Congregation news. InsideTheVatican Magazine on what is going on "Inside The Vatican". L'Osservatore Romano A Vatican daily. Catholic News Service CNS is the primary source of national and world news that appears in the U.S. Catholic press. Zenit International News Agency covering events, documents and issues from or concerning the Catholic Church. Radio/TV Radio Vaticana Radio Vatican. Centro Televisivo Vaticano CTV Vatican Television Center |
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Arts & CultureThe Vatican Museums Site of the museums with their five hundred-year- old art collections. Vatican Library and Secret Archives Documents and collections of the Vatican Library and the Vatican Secret Archives. |
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Vatican City GuidesRomaturismo The official tourist website of Rome provides information to guides and city tours. Romguide has also information on Vatican City. The Christian Catacombs of Rome Comprehensive information on the Catacombs of Rome, the ancient underground cemeteries, used by the Christian and the Jewish communities, above all at Rome. St Peter's Basilica.org Site provides a map and photos of buildings in the Vatican City. UNESCO World Heritage: Vatican City Vatican City entry at UNESCO World Heritage Centre. |
EducationPontifical Academy of Sciences The aim of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences is to promote the progress of the mathematical, physical and natural sciences and the study of epistemological problems related thereto. Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences The Pontifical Academy for the study of the social sciences, primarily economics, sociology, law and political science, established by the Holy Father John Paul II on 1 January 1994. Pontificia Università Gregoriana Site of the Pontifical Gregorian University. Pontificia Università Lateranense Official site of the Pontifical Lateran University Vatican Library The Library of the Holy See. Science & ResearchThe Vatican ObservatoryOne of the oldest astronomical research institutions in the world. |
Image: Livioandronico2013 HistoryHistory of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See Page with the History of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See. History of the Vatican Museums Brief History of the Vatican Museums. Collection of Parchments: Popes Letters Collection of digitized papal bulls, letters and briefs from 1477 to 1899. A Short History of the Holy See's Diplomacy Brief history of the Holy See's Diplomacy. Holy Year The origin of the Holy Year. How is the Pope elected? Article about the rules of electing a Pope. History of the Papacy Wikipedia article about History of the Papacy. List of Popes List of popes including their biographies (Wikipedia). |
Monastic OrdersThe Papal Orders Augustinians (Ordo Sancti Augustini, O.S.A) The Order of Saint Augustine is a Catholic Religious Order, which, was formally created in the 13th century combining several previous Augustinian eremetical Orders into one. The Augustinians Website of the Order. Benedictines (Ordo Sancti Benedicti) The Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict. The Order of Saint Benedict Information about monastic Benedictines, men and women, and the Rule of Benedict. Oblates, monks, Sisters, nuns and brothers in abbeys, monasteries and priories worldwide. Cistercians The Order of Cistercians is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monks and nuns following closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. Order of Cistercians Common Observance (OCIST) International website of the Cistercians Common Observance. Charte des Abbayes et Sites Cisterciens d'Europe Charter of Cistercian Abbeys and Sites in Europe (in French). Cistercians of the Strict Observance The Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (also known as “Trappists”) is a Roman Catholic contemplative religious order, consisting of monasteries of monks and monasteries of nuns. O.C.S.O. Order of Cistercians The official homepage of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance, more familiarly known as Trappists. Carmelites The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Beatæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo) is a Roman Catholic religious order founded, probably in the 12th century, on Mount Carmel, a coastal mountain range in northern Israel. Carmelnet Carmelite Province of the Most Pure Heart of Mary. Ordo Fratrum Beatæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo General Curia of the Carmelites Dominicans The "Order of Preachers" (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic de Guzman in France. The Order - Ordo Praedicatorum International site of the Dominican Family. Franciscans Franciscans are members of a mendicant Catholic religious order whose people and groups adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of Saint Francis of Assisi. Ordo Fratrum Minorum The Order of Friars Minor is the most prominent group within the Franciscans. It comprises three separate groups, the Observants, most commonly simply called "Franciscan friars," the Capuchins (Order of Capuchin Friars Minor), and the Conventual Franciscans (Order of Friars Minor Conventual), each considered a religious order in its own right. Franciscans International The non-governmental organization at the United Nations, it operates under the sponsorship of the Conference of the Franciscan Family (CFF). Jesuits - The Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus is a worldwide Catholic men's religious order, it is known for its work in education, spirituality, missions, justice and service to the Roman Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits and are also known colloquially as "God's Marines". The Jesuit Curia in Rome The House of the Superior General. Jesuits in Europe The Jesuit Conference of European Provincials (CEP). JesuitsUSA The Society of Jesus in the United States. Salesians (Society of St. Francis de Sales) Salesiani The Salesians of Don Bosco, are a Roman Catholic clerical religious institute. Other Orders The Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Order of St. John was founded in 1099 by the armies of the First Crusade. The Knights of Columbus The Strong Right Arm of the Church, founded in 1882, New Haven, Connecticut. The Knights of Columbus is the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization. |
Sources and additional Information on VaticanBBC Country Profile: Vatican City State GlobalEDGE: Vatican City State Wikipedia: Vatican City State The World Factbook -- Vatican City State (Holy See) |
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