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Mongolian Landscape in Khovd Province
Mongolian Landscape with Clouds in Khovd Province, Mongolia.
Image: Bernd Thaller
 
Mongolia Flag
Flag of Mongolia
Location map of Mongolia. Where in Asia is Mongolia
Location map of Mongolia
Destination Mongolia, a large and sparsely populated, landlocked country in eastern Asia south of Russia and north of China, east of Kazakhstan. The country is known as the "Land of the Eternal Blue Sky" and as the "Land of the Horse".

The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires for centuries. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, and his grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan dynasty.

The roughly oval in shaped country covers an area of 1,564,100 km², compared Mongolia is twice the size of Turkey or slightly smaller than Alaska.

Mongolia has a population of just over 3 million people (2016), making it one of the least densely populated countries in the world. 95% of the population are ethnic Mongols, Kazakh, Turkic peoples, Chinese and Russians make up the remaining population. Capital and and largest city is Ulaanbaatar (pop.: 1 million). Official language is Mongolian, a language written in Cyrillic and in the traditional Mongolian script.



Mongolia | Mongol Uls


Country Profile



Background:
Long a province of China, Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power. In 1996, the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) defeated the MPRP in a national election. Over the next four years the Coalition implemented a number of key reforms to modernize the economy and institutionalize democratic reforms. However, the former communists were a strong opposition that stalled additional reforms and made implementation difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won 72 of the 76 seats in Parliament and completely reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform policies, the MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order priorities.
(Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

border countries: China, Russia

 

Official Name:
Mongol Uls
int'l form: Mongolia
former: Outer Mongolia

ISO Country Code: mn

Time:
Local Time = UTC +8h
Actual Time: Mon-Mar-18  10:07
DST March - September (UTC +9h).

Country Calling Code: +976

Capital City: Ulaanbaatar, (Ulan Bator) founded in 1639 (pop. 1 million)

Other Cities: Darkhan (95 000 inhabitants) and Erdenet (74 000 inhabitants)

Government:
Type: Parliamentary Republic.
Independence: gained in 1921; in 1990, democratic reform begun and shift from dependence on the former Soviet Union declared.
Constitutions: 1960 and 12 February 1992.

Geography:
Location: Northern Asia, between China and Russia.
Area: 1,564,100 km² (603,863 sq. mi.); Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert, of varying usefulness; 1% arable; 9% forested.

Climate: Sharp continental, marked by four seasons. Average summer temperature +17'C, average winter temperature -26'C.

People:
Nationality: Mongolian(s).
Population: 3 million (2016)
Ethnic groups: 85% Mongol (predominantly Khalkha), 7% Turkic (largest group, Kazakh) 4.6% Tungusic, and 3.4% others, including Chinese and Russian.
Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, and English.
Religions: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 94%, Muslim 6% (primarily in the southwest), and Shamanism.
Literacy: 90%.

Natural resources: Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron.

Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses.

Industries: Construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing.

Exports - commodities: copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal, crude oil

Exports - partners: China 84%, Switzerland 9% (2015)

Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, cigarettes and tobacco, appliances, soap and detergent

Imports - partners: China 39.9%, Russia 28.4%, Japan 6.4%, South Korea 6.2% (2015)

Currency: Togrog/Tugrik (MNT)

Mongolia in Figures
Mongolia key statistical data.
 
Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar
South Side of the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar on Chinggis Square. The palace houses the parliament of Mongolia (State Great Khural) and offices of the President and the Prime Minister.
Image: Marco Fieber

Political system
Mongolia shed its one-party system in 1990. Today the country is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government.
Chief of state is the president, he has mostly a ceremonial role. Head of the government is the prime minister, elected by the parliament (State Great Khural).


Official Sites of Mongolia

Note: External links will open in a new browser window.

Mongolia
The Government of Mongolia Home Page.

Mongolia Presidency
Official site of the president of Mongolia.

Mongolia Parliament
Official site of the State Great Hural (Parliament) of Mongolia.

Government Organizations of Mongolia
Index of Governments Organizations.


Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia
Official site of the Ministry.

Diplomatic Missions
Permanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations
Mongolia's representation to the UN.
Embassy of Mongolia in the U.S.
The Embassy at Washington, D.C.
Diplomatic Missions
Address list of Missions of Mongolia abroad and Foreign Missions to Mongolia.


Statistics
National Statistics Office
Mongolia in figures.


Maps

profile Map of Mongolia
Political map of Mongolia.
Google Earth Google Earth Mongolia
Searchable map and satellite view of Mongolia.
Google Earth Google Earth Ulaanbaatar
Searchable map and satellite view of Mongolia's capital city.

Map of East Asia
Political map of East Asia.
profile Reference Map of Asia
Political map of Asia.
 

News


Montsame
Mongolia's National News Agency.

UB POST
Mongolian independent English weekly newspaper.
 

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Shaman awas, Ulaanbaatar
Shaman awas (ovoo), grouped at the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar. This is a gathering place for traditional rites and ceremonies of an ancient way of life.
Image: carfull...home

Arts & Culture


Art Council of Mongolia
Advocates and supports the sustainable development of Mongolian arts and culture.
Culture Center of the Northern Asian First Peoples' Art
For foreigner's & our first people's information, founded '96 in Ulan -Ude (Buryatia, Russia).
Khoomii
Throat singing is Mongolia's invaluable contribution to world.
Mongol Art
Designed to promote global interest and understanding of Mongolian arts and culture.
Mongolia: The Legacy of Chinggis Khan
Site of the presentation of Mongolian art at Asian Art Museum San Francisco.

Mongolian Traditional Archery
Information about the art of the bow.
National Costumes of the Mongolian People's Republic
History and tradition of Mongolian Costumes.
The Realm of The Mongols
Dedicated to the philosophical and spiritual legacy of the Old Mongols, and to the memory of Chingis Khan.
 
Little Mongol Warrior
Little Mongol Warrior
© mongoliatourism.gov.mn
 

Business & Economy

Mongolia's economy has traditionally been based on agriculture and livestock. The country has rich mineral deposits of gold, coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin and tungsten. Mining is important to the national economy of Mongolia.

Bank of Mongolia
Central Bank of Mongolia.
Mongolian Stock Exchange
Mongolia's sole stock exchange is located in Ulaanbaatar.
Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Trade Promotion Organization in Mongolia (Member Organizations), founded in 1960.
Invest Mongolia Agency
Government agency to promote investment in Mongolia.


Products of Mongolia

Petroleum Authority of Mongolia
Governmental organization responsible for the exploration, protection, production, processing, transportation, storage and marketing of petroleum in Mongolia.

Ulaanbaatar carpet
Hand- and machine -made Mongolian carpets.


___Transportation

Airline
MIAT Mongolian Airlines
Serves destinations in Germany, Russia, and south east Asia.

Rail
Mongolian Railway
Official site.

Trans-Mongolian Railway
Trans-Mongolian Route Description.
 
City of Ulaanabaatar; Mongolia
Ulaanabaatar
© mongoliatourism.gov.mn
Naadam Festival in Mongolia's Khovd Province
Rainbow in Mongolia during Naadam Festival in Mongolia's Khovd Province.
Image: Bernd Thaller

Travel and Tour Consumer Information


Destination Mongolia - Travel and Tour Guides


Discover Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar (capital city, ), Mongol Altai (mountains) Gobi Desert (desert), Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park (Gobi three beauties nature complex); Khongoryn Els (Singing Sands, 1000 km² of sand dunes); Nayramadlin Orgil (Khüiten Peak at Tavan Bogd, highest mountain in the country at 4,374 m); Lake Khövsgöl (largest fresh water lake in Mongolia), Karakorum (13th century capital of Chingis Khan, monastery, part of the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape); Naadam Festival (Mongol style fun: wrestling, horse racing, archery),

Find accommodation, hotels, adventure travel, attractions, festivals, events, tourist boards, tours and much more.


Mongolia - Nomadic by Nature
Official tourism information about Mongolia by the Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism.

Mongolia photo
Photo gallery with high quality pictures of Mongolia.
Mongoluls.net
A Mongolia portal provides information on Mongolian traditions and culture, geography and much more.
Virtual Mongolia
Mongolia Traveler Magazine.
Visit Mongolia
A travel and tourism guide to Mongolia.

City-Guide
Ulaanbaatour
Official tourism website of Mongolia's capital city.

Tour Operators
Black Ibex Expeditions
A specialist tour operator located in Ulaanbaatar.
Discover Mongolia
Mongolia Guide including a Photo Gallery.
Gobi Expeditions Mongolia
Adventure Travel company based in Ulaanbaatar offers a wide range of activities throughout the country.
Mongolian Adventure Tours
All-inclusive and mini-package tour services.
Visit Mongolia
Tourist company with information on Mongolia.


20 facts about Mongolia - by Discover Mongolia Travel
 
Ger with Gurvan Saikhan Mountains
Yurt (ger) with the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains in background.
Image: Adagio

Ger/yourts
Gers are the traditional tents of the nomads.
© mongoliatourism.gov.mn

Nomad family
Nomad family
© mongoliatourism.gov.mn 


Choijin Lama Temple Museum in Ulaanbaatar
Choijin Lama Temple Museum in Ulaanbaatar.
Image: Zazaa Mongolia

Education


National University of Mongolia (NUM)
NUM is the country's oldest and only comprehensive university and a leading center of sciences, education and culture, stablished on 5 October 1942.
 
 
Khongoryn Els sand dunes
Khongoryn Els sand dunes also known as 'singing sands' in the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.
Image: Sarah Lachise

Environment & Nature


Mongolian Biodiversity & Ecological Studies
The mission of the Institute for Mongolian Biodiversity and Ecological Studies is to stimulate and help coordinate biodiversity and ecological research in Mongolia.

Mongolian Nature and Environment Consortium 
An alliance of 14 nature and environment conservation research institutes, centers and NGOs of Mongolia.
 
 
Stupas at Erdene Zuu monastery in Karakorum
Stupas around Erdene Zuu monastery in Karakorum.
Image: Aloxe

History


Brief History of Mongolia
Mongolia's history from the ancient periods unil today.
History of Mongolia
Information on various periods of Mongolia's History.
History of Buryatia (Ar Mongol)
Buryat Mongols are significant minorities in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.
Historical Path of Mongolia's Statehood and Independence
Mongolian history of the 20th century.
The Mongol Empire
More about the largest empire in human history.
The Mongol Khâns
History of Mongolia and the Khans.
Mongols
Wikipedia entry about the the Mongols and the Mongol Empire.

Chinese Dynasties
Timeline of Chinese Imperial and Modern Dynasties.

 
 

Sources and additional Information on Mongolia


Amnesty International: Mongolia

BBC Country Profile: Mongolia

The Center for the Study of Eurasian Nomads (CSEN)
Nomadic cultures who lived in, or are currently living in Eurasia.

Eurasianet: Mongolia

FAO: Mongolia

GlobalEDGE: Mongolia

The Heritage Foundation: Mongolia

Human Rights Watch: Mongolia

Infosystem Mongolia
An Internet-based Journal on Mongolian Affairs, stablished in November 1993 as the first information base on Mongolia in the Internet.

OEC: Mongolia

Reporters Without Borders: Mongolia

The United Nations in Mongolia

Wikipedia: Mongolia

The World Factbook -- Mongolia
 
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Other Countries in East Asia:
China (PRC) | Japan | North Korea | South Korea | Taiwan (ROC)
Special Administrative Regions of China: Hong Kong | Macau | Tibet

Major cities in Eastern Asia:
Beijing, Busan, Chongqing, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kobe, Kunming, Kyoto, Lhasa, Macao, Nagoya, Osaka, Pyongyang, Sapporo, Seoul, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Taipei, Tianjin, Tokyo, Ulaanbaatar, Yokohama
 
 
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