(pop. 1 million)
Other Cities:
Toronto (4.5 million),
Montreal (3.4 million),
Vancouver (2.0 million),
Calgary (1 million),
Quebec (500.000)
Government:
Type: Confederation with parliamentary democracy.
Independence:1 July 1867 (from the UK).
Constitution: The amended British North America Act of 1867 patriated to Canada
on
17 April 1982, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and unwritten custom. (Constitution
Act of 1982)
Geography:
Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east,
North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north.
Area: 9.9 million km² (3.8 million sq.
mi.); second-largest country in the world.
Terrain: as large as the country is, it offers many different landscapes, towering mountains, vast prairies, desert-like areas, frozen arctic tundra, 17,000 glaciers, steep valleys, hilly promontories, huge rivers and lakes.
Climate: Varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north.
People:
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Canadian(s).
Population: 41 million (2024)
Real GDP per capita: $55,800 (2023 est.)
Ethnic groups: people of British descent (28%), French descent (23%), Italian descent (3%),
aboriginal peoples (2%), plus significant minorities of German, Ukrainian, Dutch,
Greek, Polish and Chinese.
Religions: Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1% and minorities from most
of the world's major religions.
Languages:
English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, and 53 native languages.
Literacy: 97-99% of the population aged 15 and over.
Transparency: Rank 11 (out of 180 countries); Score 77, on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt). Canada is ranked in the Corruption Perceptions Index 2020 between
Australia and
Hong Kong.
Natural resources: Iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum,
potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower.
Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables;
dairy products; forest products; fish.
Industries: Transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed
minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and
natural gas.
Exports - commodities: motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum.
Exports partners: United States 75%, China 4%, Japan 2%, United Kingdom 2%, Mexico 1% (2022)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods.
Imports partners: United States 56%, China 11%, Mexico 4%,
Germany 3%, Japan 2% (2022)
Currency: Canadian Dollar (CAD)
Canada in numbers
Canada key statistical figures.
