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A virtual guide to Peru, the third largest country in South America, with a 2,400 km long coastline at the South Pacific Ocean (what a beach). Countries with international borders to Peru are Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. The country extends along the Andes, the world's longest exposed mountain range, it covers an area of 1,285,216 km², making it 2.5 times the size of Spain, or slightly smaller than Alaska. Peru's landscape is divided in three main regions: the coast (costa), the narrow coastal plains between the Ocean and the Andes, the highlands (sierra), with the Andes mountain range and the Andean Plateau (Altiplano, average height about 3,700 m) and the jungle (selva), the vast plain to the east on the other side of the Andes is covered by the Amazon rainforest. Highest peak in the country is Mount Huascarán at 6,768 m (22,205 ft.). Peru has a population of more than 31 million inhabitants (in 2015). Capital and largest city is Lima. Principal languages are Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara. |
Republic of Peru | República del Perú |
Country Profile |
Background: Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadores in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals caused him to resign in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government. Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, a center-right former World Bank economist and investment banker known by his initials, “PPK,” narrowly defeated a populist campaign by former President Alberto Fujimori’s daughter in the presidential election of June 2016. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook and The Heritage Foundation) related countries: Spain |
Official Name: República del Perú short form: Perú int'l long form: Republic of Peru int'l short form: Peru ISO Country Code: pe, per Time: Local Time = UTC -5h Actual Time: Sun-Mar-17 17:43 Country Calling Code: +51 Capital City: Lima; The Lima/Callao metropolitan area has a population of 8.27 million. (2000) Other Cities: Arequipa, Trujillo. Government: Type: Constitutional republic. Independence: 28 July 1821. Constitution: 31 December 1993. Geography: Location: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador. Area: 1.28 million km² (496,225 sq. mi.); third-largest country in South America. Terrain: Varies widely between western coastal plains, central Andean highlands, and eastern tropical lowlands in Amazon Basin. Climate: Arid and mild in coastal area, temperate to frigid in the Andes, and warm and humid in jungle lowlands. People: Nationality: Peruvian(s). Population: 31 million (2015) Ethnic groups: Indigenous (45%), mestizo (37%), European (15%), African, Japanese, Chinese, and other (3%). Religion: Roman Catholic (90%). Languages: Spanish is the principal language. Quechua, Aymara and other indigenous languages also have official status. Literacy: 95% in urban areas, 77% in rural areas. Natural resources: Copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas. Agriculture products: Coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish. Industries: Mining and refining of minerals and metals, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing, steel, metal fabrication. Exports - commodities: copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys Exports - partners: China 22.1%, USA 15.2%, Switzerland 8.1%, Canada 7% (2015) Imports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, TV sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines Imports - partners: China 22.7%, USA 20.7%, Brazil 5.1%, Mexico 4.5% (2015) Currency: Nuevo Sol (PEN) Peru in numbers Key statistic figures Peru. |
Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites of PeruCongreso de la República del PerúThe Congress of the Republic of Peru. Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (in Spanish). Peru Online The official site for the promotion of Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MOFA Peru (in Spanish). Diplomatic Missions Embajada del Perú Embassy of Peru in the U.S., Washington D.C. (in Spanish) Peru's Diplomatic Missions Abroad Address list of Embassies of Peru Abroad. Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Peru Address list of Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Peru Statistics Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática The National institute of statistics. MapsMap of PeruPolitical Map of Peru. Administrative Map of Peru Peru Map with administrative divisions. Google Earth Peru Searchable map and satellite view of Peru. Google Earth Lima Searchable map and satellite view of Peru's capital. Map of South America Reference map of South America. Image: Håkan Svensson |
Peru NewsAccesoPeru Peru portal site (in Spanish) Caretas News magazine (in Spanish) El Comercio National and international news (in Spanish) El Heraldo The Press Office of the Congress of Peru (in Spanish) La Republica National news (in Spanish) Peru.com Peru related portal with news (in Spanish). |
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Arts & CultureEl Rincón Musical Peruano Sounds and lyrics of different styles of Peruvian Music. Larco Museum Museum in Lima with Pre-Columbian art of Peru. Museum of the Nation Peruvian history in Lima. Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú National Museum of the Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru Museo de Arqueología de la Universidad Católica de Santa María The museum's exhibition showcases, among other artefacts, Juanita the famous mummy of a teenage girl possibly sacrificed by the Incas. |
Image: Diego Delso |
Business & EconomyBanco Central de Reserva del Perú Central Reserve Bank of Peru Bolsa de Valores de Lima Lima Stock Exchange American Chamber of Commerce of Peru (AmCham Peru) Cámara de Comercio de Lima Lima Chamber of Commerce Transportation Airlines LATAM Perú LATAM Perú is the major airline in Peru, it operates scheduled domestic and international services. Peruvian Airlines Peruvian Airlines is operating domestic routes out of Jorge Chávez International Airpor, Lima. Aero-Condor Aero-Condor was a domestic airline and the oldest Peruvian airline. |
Image: Martin St-Amant Travel and Tour Consumer Information
Destination Peru - Travel and Tour GuidesDiscover Peru: Andes mountains, Amazon rainforest, Colca Canyon, Coricancha, Cusco, Huaca Pucllana, Huascarán National Park, Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, Islas Ballestas, Kuelap, Lake Titicaca, Lima, Pisco, Saksaywaman, Santa Catalina Monastery, Sacred Valley, Trujillo Find accommodation, hotels, attractions, festivals, events, and much more. Go2Peru.com Peru's Official Travel Planning Web site. Peru - Land of the Inkas Peru's Official Site of Tourism, Travel and Promotion, the official Tourism and travel guide of Peru. Cultures of the Andes Quechua Songs & Poems, Stories, Photos... Peru Explorer Online Guide to Peru. Rumbos Online US based Peru travel magazine. City Guide Lima The Municipality of Lima. |
EducationPontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Private university founded in 1917. Universidad de Lima The University of Lima. Universidad del Pacífico UniversidadPeru.com Educational portal focused on career resources for students. |
EnvironmentAmazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Site about ACEER's activities in research, education and land husbandry in the Upper Amazon Basin. Ilzro Raps Peru (IRP) Rural electrification programs using renewable energies in the Amazon Basin of Peru. International Potato Center - CIP Scientific research on potato, sweetpotato, other root and tuber crops, and on the improved management of natural resources in the Andes. |
HistoryHistory of Peru Wikipedia article about Peru's history. History of Peru Brief overview of Peru's history by Peru Gateway Travel. WWW-VL History Index Directory of online resources in English and Spanish pertaining to the history of Peru. |
Other Countries of South America: Argentina | Bolivia | Brazil | Chile | Colombia | Ecuador | French Guiana Guyana | Paraguay | Suriname | Uruguay | Venezuela Countries of Middle and Central America: Belize | Costa Rica | El Salvador | Guatemala | Honduras | Mexico | Nicaragua | Panama |
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