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___ SudanA virtual guide to the largest country in Africa. Get an overview of Sudan's art, culture, people, environment, geography, history, economy and its government.Beside a country profile with facts and figures, this page offers maps, statistics, weather information, and links to sources that provide you with information about this African nation, e.g.: official web sites of Sudan, addresses of Sudan`s and foreign embassies, domestic airlines, local news, and more. |
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Republic of the Sudan |
Country Profile |
 Flag of Sudan Background: With the Independence in 1956 problems began for the new republic almost immediately, in the shape of conflict between north and south. Carefully isolated from one another under British rule, the vast cultural differences between these two regions now escalated rapidly, and civil war was imminent. A military coup, led by General Ibrahim Abboud, overthrew the government in 1958. Parliament was dismissed and martial law was declared, with Abboud as self-proclaimed Prime Minister. Another coup in 1969, led this time by Colonel Jafaar Mohammed al-Nimeiry, set up government under a revolutionary council. Nimeiry became the Sudan's first elected President in 1972, and signed the Addis Ababa agreement, in an attempt to end strife between north and south. Uneasy peace was maintained for almost a decade and in 1983, Nimeiry was re-elected for a third term of office. His policies for economic recovery were ineffective, however, and unrest grew once more, resulting in Nimeiry's deposition in a bloodless coup in April 1985. A year of military rule followed, before the rise of a new Mahdi. This was Sadiq al-Mahdi, the great-grandson of Mohammed Ahmad, but, despite many lofty promises of democracy, the new government proved weak and al-Mahdi was deposed in 1989. His replacement was Lt. General Omar Hassan Ahmed al-Bashir, and Sudan was ruled by a 15-member Revolutionary Council. Throughout the 1990s, conditions have deteriorated in the Sudan. Non-Muslim rebels in the south, known as the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) are led by John Garang, a member of the southern Dinka tribe. The war between government and rebels continues, and many of the Sudanese people are displaced refugees, while many others are faced with economic ruin and the threat of starvation. The northern opposition under the umbrella of the "National Democratic Alliance" (NDA), including the SPLM, had also took up arms against al-Bashir rule and occupied territories in eastern Sudan and northern Blue Nile. In January 2005 the Sudan government has signed a preliminary peace agreement with the main opposition umbrella group, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, ater which, a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly 2 million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. (Source: ArabNet and others) border countries: Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Uganda Sudan is a member state of the League of Arab States |
 Official Name: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan short form: As-Sudan int'l long form: Sudan int'l short form: Republic of the Sudan former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ISO Country Code: sd Country Calling Code: +249 Capital City: Khartoum (pop. 1.4 million) Other Cities: Omdurman (2.1 million), Port Sudan (pop. 450 000), Kassala, Kosti, Juba, the capital of southern region. Government: Type: Provisional Government established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in January 2005. Independence: 1 January 1956 (from the UK). Geography: Location: North-eastern Africa, south of Egypt, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea. Area: 2.5 million sq. km. (965 255 sq. mi.); largest country in Africa. Terrain: Generally flat with mountains in east and west. The southern regions are inundated during the annual floods of the Nile River system. Climate: Desert and savanna in the north and central regions and tropical in the south. People: Nationality: Sudanese Population: 33.5 million Ethnic Groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Bija tribes 6%. Religions: Sunni Islam (official), indigenous beliefs in southern Sudan. Languages: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, English, tribal languages. Literacy: 50% (est) Natural resources: Petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower. Agriculture products: Cotton, groundnuts, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock. Industries: Oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly. Exports partners: Japan 49.6%, China 32%, Saudi Arabia 3.1% (2006) Export goods: Oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar. Imports partners: China 18.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, UAE 5.8%, Egypt 5.3%, Germany 5.2%, India 4.6%, France 4.1% (2006) Import goods: Foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat. Currency: Sudanese Pound (SDG), 1 Pound=100 Piaster (or qirush) replaces the Sudanese Dinar (SDD); |
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Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites of SudanPresidencyOfficial website of the Presidential Palace. Council of Ministers Government site (in Arabic). Ministry of the Federal Government Government web site (in Arabic). Sudan Ministry Of Foreign Affairs The official site of the ministry (in Arabic). Sudan GovernmentSudan's National Government Bodies and Ministries. Diplomatic Missions Botschaft der Republik Sudan Sudan embassy in Germany (in German and Arabic). Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan Washington, USA Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan London Sudan's embassy in the UK. Statistics Central Bureau of Statistics Statistical figures (in Arabic and English) Maps Map of SudanPolitical Map of Sudan. Administrative Map of SudanMap showing the states of Sudan. Topographic Map of SudanMap showing the topographical features of Sudan.  Google
Earth SudanSearchable map/satellite view of Sudan. Google
Earth KhartoumSearchable map/satellite view of Sudan's capital city. Google
Earth Port SudanSearchable map/satellite view of Sudan's major port. Google Earth AbyeiSearchable map/satellite view of the disputed town in Abyei region. Google
Earth JubaSearchable map/satellite view of South Sudan's capital. Map of Northern Africa and the Middle EastPolitical Map of of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East. Map
of AfricaPolitical Map of Africa. |
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Sudan NewsAt RayaamSudanese daily newspaper (in Arabic) Alsahafah Daily news (in Arabic) The Juba Post South Sudan's Independent Newspaper. Latest News From Sudan At Sudan.Net Sudan news from various newswires and other news sources. SudanTribune News and views information site on Sudan. International News Sources IRINnews: Sudan News provided by UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Yahoo! News Full Coverage-Sudan Press agencies news on Sudan. Radio/TV Sudanese Radio & TV Corporation The state-run Sudan National Broadcasting Corporation (SNBC) Miraya FM Private radio operated by UN mission, broadcasts from Juba the southern capital. |
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Arts & CultureShibrain Art CentreSudan's first art and design gallery, Khartoum. |
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Business & EconomyBank of SudanThe Central Bank of Sudan Bank of Khartoum Biggest Bank in Sudan. Sudan Invest The Investment Authority is responsible for setting up advertising and publicity campaigns for investment in Sudan. Sudanese Petroleum Corporation SPC controls oil and gas operations in Sudan. Sudanese Products Gum Arabic Company The largest exporter of Gum Arabic in the world. Kenana Sugar Company Cane Sugar Estate and Factory, the largest single integrated producer of white sugar in the world. |
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Destination Sudan - Travel and Tour GuidesDiscover Sudan: accommodation, hotels, events, tourism, and more.Sudan.net Provides some tourism and travel information. Michael's Sudan Page Private page about Sudan. |
Travel and Tour Consumer Information |
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EducationAhfad University for WomenA private, non-sectarian university for women located in Omdurman, Sudan, founded in 1966. Sudan University Of Science And Technology Largest institution of technology in Sudan. University of Gezira Information about the University (ARABIC). University of Khartoum Founded in 1902 as Gordon Memorial College. |
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Environment & NatureCurrent issues:Inadequate supplies of potable water; Soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought. Wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; Aquastat: Sudan FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture in Sudan. |
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HistoryExploring NubiaThe Archaeology, History & Culture of Nubia and northern Sudan. Nubia The earliest kingdoms and civilisations south of the Sahara. Who are the Nubians? Site about Ancient Nubia. History of Sudan Wikipedia entry about Sudan's history. |
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SearchSudan HomeSudan portal site. Sudan Online Sudan Online News and Information Center. Sudan Page@Sudan.Net Sudan Information Page. Additional Information about SudanSudan - Darfur conflicts related informationReuters AlertNet - Sudan conflict BBC News Country Profile: Sudan Situation of human rights in the Darfur region of the Sudan Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Darfur region. Human Rights Watch: Sudan Ongoing Crimes Call for ICC Referral and Greater International Protection. Sudan Info African Studies Sudan Page Africa South of Sahara (Karen Fung) Sudan Open Directory Project: Sudan United Nations Development Programmeme Sudan UN Sudan Information Gateway Wikipedia: Sudan The World Factbook -- Sudan |
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