| Economic indicators |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) |
2008 |
5059 |
|
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) |
2005 |
2460 |
|
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) |
2000 |
1370 |
|
| GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) |
2008 |
7.6 |
|
| GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) |
2005 |
–0.2 |
|
| GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) |
2000 |
5.4 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2008 |
934.4 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
472.8 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
277.0 |
|
| GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) |
2008 |
909.2 |
|
| GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
457.2 |
|
| GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
260.7 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2008 |
23.2 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2005 |
16.2 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2000 |
18.3 |
|
| Exchange rates (national currency per US$) |
2008 |
39.42 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rates (national currency per US$) |
2005 |
41.30 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rates (national currency per US$) |
2000 |
48.30 |
Official rate. |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2008 |
–680 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2005 |
–60 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2000 |
–123 |
|
| CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2008 |
129 |
2006. |
| CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2005 |
122 |
|
| CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Industrial production index (2005=100) |
2008 |
103 |
The indices are shown in terms of ISIC Rev. 3. |
| Industrial production index (2005=100) |
2005 |
100 |
The indices are shown in terms of ISIC Rev. 3. |
| Industrial production index (2005=100) |
2000 |
84 |
The indices are shown in terms of ISIC Rev. 3. 2001. |
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2008 |
102 |
2007. |
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
100 |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
99 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2008 |
104 |
2007. |
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
101 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
99 |
|
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2008 |
8.2 |
November. 2007. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2005 |
8.1 |
November. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2000 |
12.5 |
November. 2002. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2008 |
19.4 |
2006. November. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
17.6 |
November. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
10.5 |
|
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2008 |
36.3 |
2006. November. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
38.5 |
November. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
53.1 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2008 |
52.4 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2005 |
52.5 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2000 |
55.6 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2008 |
74.7 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2005 |
73.8 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2000 |
73.8 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2008 |
2435 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2005 |
319 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2000 |
59 |
|
| Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2008 |
1395 |
2007. |
| Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2005 |
1422 |
|
| Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2000 |
1416 |
|
| Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) |
2008 |
63.8 |
|
| Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
18.8 |
|
| Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
7.8 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2008 |
15.7 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
10.5 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
1.0 |
|
| Exports (million US$) |
2007 |
1134.2 |
2007. |
| Imports (million US$) |
2007 |
2417.0 |
2007. |
| Major trading partners (% of exports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (20.7), Switzerland (19.9), Kazakhstan (18.0) |
2007. |
| Major trading partners (% of imports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (40.5), China (14.7), Kazakhstan (12.9) |
2007. |
| Social indicators |
| Population growth rate (avg. annual %) |
2005-2010 |
1.2 |
|
| Urban population growth rate (avg. annual %) |
2005-2010 |
1.6 |
|
| Rural population growth rate (avg. annual %) |
2005-2010 |
0.8 |
|
| Urban population (%) |
2007 |
36.1 |
|
| Population aged 0-14 years (%) |
2009 |
29.4 |
|
| Population aged 60+ years (women and men, % of total) |
2009 |
8.4/5.9 |
|
| Sex ratio (men per 100 women) |
2009 |
97.4 |
|
| Life expectancy at birth (women and men, years) |
2005-2010 |
71.6/64.1 |
|
| Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) |
2005-2010 |
37.3 |
|
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) |
2005-2010 |
2.6 |
|
| Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) |
2006-2009 |
47.8 |
|
| International migrant stock (000 and % of total population) |
mid-2010 |
222.7/4.0 |
|
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR |
end-2008 |
21083 |
|
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) |
2005-2008 |
6.6 |
|
| Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (w/m per 100) |
2005-2008 |
89.1/88.9 |
|
| Education: Female third-level students (% of total) |
2005-2008 |
56.4 |
|
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) |
2009 |
25.6 |
|
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